以下是成人高考高数二必须掌握的核心公式及要点,综合整理如下:
一、极限与连续
- 数列极限四则运算法则
若$\lim_{n \to \infty} x_n = A$,$\lim_{n \to \infty} y_n = B$,则
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$\lim_{n \to \infty} (x_n \pm y_n) = A \pm B$
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$\lim_{n \to \infty} (x_n \cdot y_n) = A \cdot B$
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$\lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{x_n}{y_n} = \frac{A}{B}$
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$\lim_{n \to \infty} (C \cdot x_n) = C \cdot A$($C$为常数)
- 函数极限四则运算法则
若$\lim_{x \to x_0} f(x) = A$,$\lim_{x \to x_0} g(x) = B$,则
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$\lim_{x \to x_0} [f(x) \pm g(x)] = A \pm B$
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$\lim_{x \to x_0} [f(x) \cdot g(x)] = A \cdot B$
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$\lim_{x \to x_0} \frac{f(x)}{g(x)} = \frac{A}{B}$
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$\lim_{x \to x_0} [k \cdot f(x)] = k \cdot A$($k$为常数)
- 连续性定义
函数$y = f(x)$在$x = x_0$处连续,当且仅当$\lim_{x \to x_0} f(x) = f(x_0)$
二、导数与微分
- 导数定义
函数$y = f(x)$在$x = x_0$处的导数:
$$f'(x_0) = \lim_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{f(x_0 + \Delta x) - f(x_0)}{\Delta x}$$
导数的几何意义是曲线在某点的切线斜率
- 基本导数公式
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$(\sin x)' = \cos x$
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$(\cos x)' = -\sin x$
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$(\tan x)' = \sec^2 x$
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$(\cot x)' = -\csc^2 x$
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$(\arcsin x)' = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - x^2}}$
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$(\arccos x)' = -\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - x^2}}$
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$(\arctan x)' = \frac{1}{1 + x^2}$
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$(\log_a x)' = \frac{1}{x \ln a}$
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$(e^x)' = e^x$
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$(x^n)' = nx^{n-1}$
- 导数的运算法则
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$(u \pm v)' = u' \pm v'$
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$(uv)' = u'v + uv'$
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$(\frac{u}{v})' = \frac{u'v - uv'}{v^2}$
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$(cu)' = cu'$($c$为常数)
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$(uvw)' = u'vw + uv'w + uvw'$
三、积分与微分方程
- 不定积分公式
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$\int k , dx = kx + C$
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$\int x^n , dx = \frac{1}{n+1}x^{n+1} + C$
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$\int \sin x , dx = -\cos x + C$
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$\int \cos x , dx = \sin x + C$
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$\int \sec^2 x , dx = \tan x + C$
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$\int \csc^2 x , dx = -\cot x + C$
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$\int \frac{1}{x} , dx = \ln |x| + C$
- 定积分基本定理
$$\int_{a}^{b}