Python实现Excel合并单元格的方法可分为以下两类：基础合并操作和批量处理。以下是具体实现方案：

一、基础合并操作（单文件处理）

1. 使用openpyxl库

   适用于单个Excel文件，通过遍历行和列判断是否需要合并单元格。示例代码如下：

   from openpyxl import Workbook, load_workbook
   
   def merge_excel(file_path, merge_columns):
       wb = load_workbook(file_path)
       ws = wb.active
       merged_ranges = []
   
       for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_col=ws.max_column, max_row=ws.max_row):
           row_data = [cell.value for cell in row]
           if len(set(row_data)) > 1:
               for i in range(1, len(row_data)):
                   if row_data[i] == row_data[i-1] and i in merge_columns:
                       merged_ranges.append((row.row, row.column, row[i].row, row[i].column))
   
       for start_row, start_col, end_row, end_col in merged_ranges:
           ws.merge_cells(start_row=start_row, start_col=start_col, end_row=end_row, end_col=end_col)
   
       wb.save(file_path)
   

   说明：该函数会读取指定文件，根据merge_columns参数中的列索引合并连续相同值的单元格。

2. 使用pandas与openpyxl结合

   先用pandas读取数据，再通过openpyxl写入时合并单元格。示例代码：

   import pandas as pd
   from openpyxl import Workbook
   
   def merge_excel_pandas(file_path, merge_columns):
       df = pd.read_excel(file_path)
       wb = Workbook()
       ws = wb.active
       ws.append(df.values)
   
       for start_row, start_col, end_row, end_col in merge_columns:
           ws.merge_cells(start_row=start_row, start_col=start_col, end_row=end_row, end_col=end_col)
   
       wb.save(file_path)
   

   说明：适用于需要先处理数据（如分组、清洗）再合并的场景。

二、批量处理（多文件合并）

1. 使用pandas的concat函数

   适用于将多个Excel文件合并为一个新文件，无需手动合并单元格。示例代码：

   import pandas as pd
   import os
   
   def batch_merge_excel(folder_path, output_file):
       all_data = []
       for file in os.listdir(folder_path):
           if file.endswith(".xlsx"):
               df = pd.read_excel(os.path.join(folder_path, file))
               all_data.append(df)
       result = pd.concat(all_data, ignore_index=True)
       result.to_excel(output_file, index=False)
   

   说明：该函数会自动合并同一列中连续相同值的单元格，适用于数据清洗后的最终输出。

2. 结合openpyxl进行复杂合并逻辑

   若需在合并时添加辅助列或自定义规则，可结合openpyxl实现。例如：

   import pandas as pd
   from openpyxl import Workbook
   
   def batch_merge_with_rules(folder_path, output_file, merge_columns):
       all_data = []
       for file in os.listdir(folder_path):
           if file.endswith(".xlsx"):
               df = pd.read_excel(os.path.join(folder_path, file))